Orthognathic surgery is performed to correct the position of my jaw bones and not the teeth individually, with the consequent improvement in the aesthetic and/or functional appearance when chewing and speaking. It is performed through osteotomies (cuts) in the bones of the face and their subsequent repositioning in the appropriate position, frequently fixation with osteosynthesis, which is the use of metallic or non-metallic materials that remain indefinitely in its place and that usually do not have to be removed, or from materials that are reabsorbed over time. Orthodontic treatment is usually required before and after surgery.

Additionally, dental restorations, periodontics (gum treatment), and endodontic treatment may be necessary postoperatively. In most cases this surgery is performed under general anesthesia.